Future directions for cardiovascular outcome measures in breast cancer
| Modality | Outcome variable |
|---|---|
| CPET | Rate of VO2 at ventilatory threshold, VE/VO2, VE/VCO2, volume of oxygen/work rate, and maximum voluntary ventilation |
| PFT | TLC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, DLCO, and DLCO/VA |
| Echo | LVEF, E/A ratio, isovolumic relaxation time, LVEDD/LVESD, LVPWs, LVPW at end-diastole, and global longitudinal strain |
| CMR | LVEF, global longitudinal strain, T1 relaxation time, and myocardial extracellular volume |
| Ultrasound and applanation tonometry | Pulse wave velocity, augmentation pressure, and augmentation index |
CPET: cardiopulmonary exercise test, PFT: pulmonary function test, Echo: two-dimensional echocardiography, CMR: cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, VO2: oxygen consumption, VE/VCO2: ventilatory equivalent of oxygen, VE/VCO2: ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide, TLC: total lung capacity, FVC: forced vital capacity, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second, DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, VA: volume of air, LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction, E/A ratio: peak early atrial velocities divided by peak late atrial velocities, LVEDD: left ventricle end-diastolic dimension, LVESD: left ventricle end-systolic dimension, LVPW: left ventricular posterior wall thickness.
