Clinical exercise prescription and cardiovascular health in breast cancer
| Study | Year | Sample (n) and design | Intervention | Adherence (%) | Cardiovascularoutcomes | Treatment window |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brahmbhatt et al.26 | 2020 | 22 Pilot Hospital-based |
31 days, brisk walking 3−5 days/wk for 30−40 min/session, and 2−3 sets of 10−12 repetitions/exercise, (standing rows, shoulder external rotation, front raise, lateral raise, bicep curls, triceps extensions, wall push-ups, and chest press) training 2–3 days/wk | 76 | Increased in the 6-min walk distance (＋57 m) | Before therapy |
| MacVicar et al.32 | 1989 | 45 RCT Hospital-based |
10 wk, aerobic interval training, cycle ergometer, 3 days/wk | NA | Increased in VO2peak | During therapy |
| Segal et al.33 | 2001 | 123 RCT Hospital-based |
26 wk, aerobic exercise: 3 days/wk, 7−10 min warm-up, walking and cool-down, 2 additional days self-directed exercise at home | 71.5 | Increased in VO2peak (＋3.5 mL/kg/min) | During therapy |
| Courneya et al.17 | 2007 | 242 RCT Hospital-based |
17 wk, aerobic exercise: 3 days/wk, cycle ergometer, treadmill, or elliptical, beginning at 60% of their VO2max (wk 1 to 6) and progressing to 70% (wk 7 to 12) and 80% beyond wk 12. | 70.2 | Increased in VO2peak (＋0.5 mL/kg/min) | During therapy |
| Jones et al.34 | 2013 | 20 RCT Hospital-based |
12 wk, aerobic exercise: cycle ergometry, 3 days/wk at 60%−100% of VO2peak, 30−45 min/session | 66 | Increased in VO2peak (＋2.6 mL/kg/min) and FMD (＋0.7%) | During therapy |
| Travier et al.35 | 2015 | 204 RCT Hospital-based |
18 wk, aerobic exercise: interval training of alternating intensity performed with a heart rate at (3×2 min increasing to 2×7 min) or below (3×4 min decreasing to 1×7 min) ventilatory threshold, based on heart rate and the Borg scale. Strength training: arms, legs, shoulder, and trunk. 2×10 repetitions (65% one-repetition maximum) and gradually increased to reach 1×10 repetitions |
83 | No changes in VO2peak and peak power output | During therapy |
| Hojan et al.36 | 2020 | 47 RCT Hospital-based |
9 wk, aerobic exercise: brisk walking, running on a treadmill, and cycling, 5 days/wk, 80% age-predicted maximum heart rate. Resistance exercise sessions based on isometric, concentric, and eccentric training consisted of one to 3 sets of 8–10 repetitions of selected exercises in different positions for the trunk, upper body, and leg muscles |
98.7 | No changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and 6-min walk distance | During therapy |
| Lee et al.31 | 2019 | 30 RCT Hospital-based |
8 wk, aerobic exercise: HIIT (1:2 ratio) on a cycle, 90% peak power output 3 days/wk, 30 min/session | 82.3 | Maintained VO2peak while control group reduced by 10%; significant change in FMD | During therapy |
| Mijwel et al.37 | 2018 | 240 RCT Hospital-based |
16 wk, aerobic exercise: HIIT, 13−15 Borg scale, 2 days/wk. Resistance exercise: 2−3 sets of 8−12 repetitions at an intensity of 80% of the patients’ estimated 1-repetition maximum | 63−68 | Maintained VO2peak | During therapy |
| Schulz et al.38 | 2018 | 26 RCT |
6 wk, combined HIIT and strength training | NA | VO2peak＋2% | During therapy |
| Schneider et al.39 | 2007 | 113 Hospital-based |
6 mo, 2−3 days/wk 60 min/session 10-min warm-up, 40-min aerobic (outdoor or treadmill walking, stationary cycling, stepping or walking), resistance exercise and stretching, 40%−75% of heart rate reserve | 89.6 | Improved systolic blood pressure and time on treadmill during therapy. Increased in pulmonary function and VO2max after therapy | During or after therapy |
| Courneya et al.16 | 2003 | 53 RCT Hospital-based |
15-wk, cycle ergometers 3 days/wk for at a power output that elicited the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide | 98.4 | Increased in VO2peak (＋0.24 L/min) | After therapy |
| Lee et al.18 | 2019 | 100 RCT Hospital-based |
16 wk, 3 days/wk aerobic (treadmill, cycle) and resistance exercise (leg press, leg flexions/extensions/ chest press, seated rows, biceps curls, triceps pulldown) at 60%−80% 1-repetition maximum | 96 | Reduced Framingham Risk Score (12% to 2%) | After therapy |
| Zvinovski et al.44 | 2021 | 25 Pilot Hospital-based |
14 wk, 60 min/session, 3 days/wk and for a minimum total of 36 sessions. 60%−85% of their VO2max | 60 | Increased in VO2peak (＋0.5 mL/kg/min) and decreased in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and fasting glucose | After therapy |
| Toohey et al.45 | 2020 | 17 RCT Hospital-based |
12 wk, HIIT at max effort, gradual increase from 4×30 sec/session to 7×30 sec/session, 3 sessions/wk. 12 wk, continuous aerobic training, 20 min/session, 55%−65% of max power, 3 sessions/wk at moderate intensity | 78.7 | Increased in VO2peak (19.3%) in the HIIT group | After therapy |
RCT: randomized controlled trial, VO2peak: peak oxygen uptake, VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake; FMD: flow-mediated dilation; HIIT: high-intensity interval training, LDL: low-density lipoprotein.
