Summary of studies on outcomes of exercise on long COVID symptoms and physical function
| Study | Year | No. of subjects | Training duration (wk) | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Del Valle et al.55 | 2022 | 20 | 8 | Exertional dyspnea and fatigue ↓ Exercise capacity (6MWD) ↑ Cardiac function (HRR) ↑ |
| Hayden et al.51 | 2021 | 108 | 3 | Dyspnea (mMRC, NRS) ↓ Fatigue (BFI) ↓ Anxiety (GAD-7) ↓ Depression (PHQ-9) ↓ Exercise capacity (6MWD) ↑ Quality of life (EQ5D5L) ↑ |
| Hockele et al.57 | 2022 | 29 | 8 | Dyspnea (mMRC) ↓ Functional status (PCFS) ↑ Exercise capacity (6MWD) ↑ Physical function (TUGT) ↑ Pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, MIP, MEP) ↑ |
| Nopp et al.53 | 2022 | 58 | 6 | Dyspnea (mMRC) ↓ Exertional dyspnea (Borg dyspnea) ↓ Fatigue (FAS) ↓ Functional status (PCFS) ↑ Exercise capacity (6MWD) ↑ Pulmonary function (FEV1, DLCO, MIP) ↑ Quality of life (EQ5D) ↑ |
Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019, 6MWD: 6-minute walking distance, HRR: heart rate recovery, mMRC: modified medical research council dyspnea scale, NRS: numeric rating scale, BFI: brief fatigue inventory, GAD-7: generalized anxiety disorder-7, PHQ-9: patient health questionnaire-9, EQ5D5L: Euro-quality of life-5 dimension 5 level, PCFS: post-COVID functional status, TUGT: timed up and go test, FVC: forced voluntary capacity, FEV1: 1 second-forced expiratory volume, MIP: maximal inspiratory pressure, MEP: maximal expiratory pressure, FAS: fatigue assessment scale, DLCO: diffusion capacity of lung for carbon dioxide, EQ5D: Euro-quality of life-5 dimension.
