Baseline characteristics of study participants by RGS by participation of regular exercise
| Characteristic of risk factor | Non-regular exercise (n=1,189) | Regular exercise (n=513) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RGS low (n=442) | RGS middle (n=407) | RGS high (n=340) | p-value | RGS low (n=125) | RGS middle (n=159) | RGS high (n=229) | p-value | ||
| RGS (kg/BMI) | 0.80±0.27 | 1.09±0.32 | 1.39±0.43 | <0.001 | 0.89±0.29 | 1.10±0.32 | 1.45±0.42 | <0.001 | |
| Sex male (%) | 37.10 | 39.80 | 37.06 | 0.657 | 50.40 | 40.88 | 44.54 | 0.275 | |
| Age (yr) | 71.55±6.94 | 67.67±7.94 | 61.95±7.52 | <0.001 | 69.33±7.18 | 64.52±7.64 | 60.88±6.71 | <0.001 | |
| Sleep time (hr/day) | 6.50±1.43 | 6.60±1.34 | 6.58±1.16 | 0.363 | 6.78±1.46 | 6.48±1.31 | 6.49±1.14 | 0.064 | |
| Lean body mass (kg) | 36.69±7.17 | 38.60±7.38 | 39.88±7.72 | <0.001 | 39.81±7.33 | 39.97±7.16 | 42.17±8.26 | 0.003 | |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 91.70±22.71 | 95.00±21.72 | 96.65±21.14 | 0.001 | 88.62±22.16 | 96.40±18.70 | 96.06±17.63 | 0.002 | |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 1.81±4.23 | 1.28±4.08 | 1.25±3.17 | 0.039 | 1.75±3.42 | 0.96±1.27 | 1.45±5.85 | 0.714 | |
| HOMA-IR | 2.10±1.60 | 1.91±0.91 | 1.72±0.67 | <0.001 | 2.11±1.17 | 2.08±0.99 | 1.79±0.76 | 0.001 | |
| Diabetes (%) | 14.03 | 10.57 | 5.88 | 0.001 | 16.00 | 15.09 | 7.86 | 0.030 | |
| Hypertension (%) | 63.57 | 49.88 | 39.12 | <0.001 | 60.00 | 51.57 | 37.55 | <0.001 | |
| Current alcohol consumption (%) | 25.34 | 32.92 | 34.41 | 0.005 | 32.00 | 30.82 | 47.16 | 0.002 | |
| Smoking status (%) | 8.37 | 13.27 | 16.18 | 0.002 | 10.40 | 10.69 | 11.35 | 0.277 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.
RGS: relative grip strength, BMI: body mass index, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance.
