Comparison of cardiorespiratory fitness and musculoskeletal fitness between exercise and control groups after intervention
| Variable | Exercise group (n=14) | Control group (n=14) | Mean difference in change (95% CI) | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Time | Group | Time×group | |||
| Cardiorespiratory fitness | |||||||||
| VO2peak (mL/kg/min) | 38.3±6.4 | 42.8±7.3 |
38.2±7.4 | 39.5±7.4 | 2.9 (1.8 to 4.0) | <0.001 | 0.518 | 0.007 | |
| Predicted VO2peak (%) | 94.5±9.9 | 105.6±13.1 |
93.8±12.0 | 97.5±15.0 | 7.4 (4.4 to 10.4) | <0.001 | 0.344 | 0.019 | |
| Anaerobic threshold (%VO2peak) | 56.2±4.9 | 62.3±4.1 |
54.5±3.5 | 55.5±4.9 | 3.5 (2.4 to 4.6) | <0.001 | 0.012 | <0.001 | |
| RER at max | 1.25±0.08 | 1.23±0.08 | 1.25±0.08 | 1.23±0.08 | −0.02 (−0.06 to 0.02) | 0.229 | 0.928 | 0.999 | |
| Maximal HR (beats/min) | 193.3±8.3 | 193.4±6.1 | 191.8±7.2 | 189.1±8.2 | −1.3 (−3.1 to 0.5) | 0.154 | 0.286 | 0.115 | |
| Exercise time (sec) | 625±87 | 670±85 |
620±105 | 621±107 | 23 (13 to 33) | <0.001 | 0.463 | <0.001 | |
| Musculoskeletal fitness | |||||||||
| Muscle strength (60°/sec) | |||||||||
| Peak torque-extension (Nm) | 107.8±38.3 | 129.6±32.1 |
115.2±51.5 | 119.3±45.5 | 13.0 (6.1 to 19.8) | 0.001 | 0.925 | 0.012 | |
| Peak torque/BW-extension (%) | 173.8±41.8 | 213.0±32.7 |
192.9±62.6 | 202.2±50.1 | 24.2 (12.3 to 36.2) | <0.001 | 0.813 | 0.016 | |
| Peak torque-flexion (Nm) | 51.3±23.3 | 64.8±20.7 |
50.7±21.0 | 55.2±20.2 | 9.0 (5.7 to 12.3) | <0.001 | 0.525 | 0.009 | |
| Peak torque/BW-flexion (%) | 80.8±23.0 | 105.2±21.6 |
86.4±30.1 | 94.4±24.6 | 16.2 (10.3 to 22.0) | <0.001 | 0.774 | 0.008 | |
| Muscle power (60°/sec) | |||||||||
| Average power-extension (W) | 67.1±25.2 | 85.9±25.2 |
73.2±34.1 | 79.4±30.1 |
13.2 (7.2 to 19.3) | <0.001 | 0.983 | 0.006 | |
| Average power-flexion (W) | 32.0±15.8 | 45.3±14.8 |
32.3±15.7 | 37.1±12.6 |
10.8 (7.8 to 13.7) | <0.001 | 0.477 | <0.001 | |
| Muscle endurance (180°/sec) | |||||||||
| Total work-extension (J) | 840.8±253.8 | 1,018.9±292.2 |
881.2±359.3 | 1,015.3±383.0 |
156.1 (97.4 to 214.8) | <0.001 | 0.879 | 0.448 | |
| Total work-flexion (J) | 403.1±162.8 | 577.6±182.8 |
433.9±212.1 | 514.5±245.5 |
127.5 (86.6 to 168.5) | <0.001 | 0.830 | 0.026 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation unless otherwise specified.
CI: confidence interval, VO2peak: maximal oxygen consumption, RER: respiratory exchange ratio, HR: heart rate, BW: body weight.
*p<0.05 vs. baseline; †p<0.05 vs. control group.
