Characteristics of participants (n=48)
| Variable | Control groupa | FHP groupb | RSP groupc | FHRSP groupd | F (p)/χ2 (p) | Post-hoc test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of participants | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | ||
| Age (yr) | 21.83±2.28 | 20.91±1.62 | 21.66±2.42 | 22.08±2.19 | 2.930 (0.403) |
- |
| Height (cm) | 171.83±4.44 | 176.66±6.85 | 176.33±4.67 | 172.72±5.04 | 2.866 (0.068) | - |
| Weight (cm) | 69.50±8.06 | 72.83±8.93 | 71.91±7.44 | 71.33±7.59 | 0.371 (0.776) | - |
| CVA (°) | 53.16±2.32 | 44.41±5.31 | 53.16±3.01 | 45.08±2.67 | 34.821 (0.001) |
b,d |
| FSA (°) | 58.16±5.13 | 57.25±4.30 | 43.33±5.26 | 41.25±8.24 | 26.087 (0.001) |
c,d |
| Smartphone usage time (min) | 231.66±94.37 | 208.33±81.10 | 197.91±92.08 | 255.00±113.17 | 1.847 (0.605) |
- |
| Computer usage time (min) | 107.50±152.68 | 39.16±37.76 | 67.91±85.58 | 106.25±98.09 | 5.772 (0.123) |
- |
| Neck pain (VAS) | 0.56±1.32 | 1.86±2.31 | 0.50±1.73 | 0.72±1.06 | 5.417 (0.144) |
- |
| Shoulder pain (VAS) | 0.40±1.35 | 0.81±1.91 | 1.48±2.40 | 0.29±0.73 | 1.517 (0.678) |
- |
| Neck disability index | 2.75±3.36 | 4.66±3.82 | 4.33±5.03 | 2.50±1.88 | 2.309 (0.511) |
- |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
FHP: forward head posture, RSP: round shoulder posture, FHRSP: forward head with round shoulder posture, CVA: cranio vertebral angle, FSA: forward shoulder angle, VAS: visual analogue scale.
*p<0.05. †Non-parametric statistics.
